Document Type : Review articles
Authors
1
Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut City, 71515, Egypt
2
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut City, 71515, Egypt
3
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut City, 71515, Egypt
4
Lecturer of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx university, new Assiut city, Assiut
5
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University
Abstract
Sildenafil (SIL), a phosphodiesterase enzyme 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, has become a prominent molecule for the erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment. It has assumed a major role in the treatment of this disease due to the demonstrated efficacy, ease of use, good tolerability, and positive impact on the quality of life of patients. SIL has multiple pharmacological actions that grasp the researchers’ attention due to its various pharmaceutical applications. In addition to its efficacy in treating erectile dysfunction (ED), SIL is extensively employed in the treatment of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), Eisenmenger's syndrome and Mountain sickness, kidney diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension. Furthermore, SIL also exhibits promise antiproliferative, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Finally, the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and SIL toxicity were investigated. The adequate pharmacokinetic properties of SIL and the diverse therapeutic applications have encouraged researchers to generate new applications that have either been approved by the FDA or are currently undergoing clinical trials like osteoarthritis (OA), COVID-19, female urinary incontinence (UI) and Maternally Inherited Leigh syndrome (MILS).
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