RECENT INNOVATIONS IN BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF XANTHINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES: A REVIEW

Yani, Marina A. O.; Ali, Taha F. S.; Beshr, Eman A. M.; Hayallah, Alaa M.

doi:10.21608/sjpms.2025.345430.1033

RECENT INNOVATIONS IN BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF XANTHINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES: A REVIEW

Document Type : Review articles

Authors

¹ Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt

² Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt

³ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut 10, Egypt

10.21608/sjpms.2025.345430.1033

Abstract

Xanthine and its derivatives are considered pharmacologically important entities exhibiting considerable biological activities. Due to the significant diversity within the biological field, this scaffold has captivated the interest of several researchers worldwide to examine its fundamental structure from both a physiological and a chemical perspective. Xanthine derivatives have recently been utilized therapeutically in several clinical situations owing to their widespread availability in daily life. These derivatives are mostly recognized for their varied pharmacological applications, including adenosine receptor antagonism, phosphodiesterase inhibition and exhibiting antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Chemical synthesis enhances the diversity of xanthine-based derivatization. This review highlights the significance of xanthine derivatives as potential candidates for novel medication development. Consequently, we anticipate that these compounds may function as a template for discovering other active xanthine derivatives. Furthermore, the progress and deep investigations of xanthine derivatives will open the door towards discovery of new drug candidates have diversity of biological activities.

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